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Las enfermedades periodontales son consideradas entre las más comunes entre las patologías bucales. Su frecuencia es cada vez más elevada en la población y existen varias patologías sistémicas y hábitos que empeoran su cuadro clínico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia y características clínicas de pacientes con enfermedades periodontales que acuden a la cátedra de periodoncia en la Universidad Autónoma de Asunción en el período de 2011 al 2019. Estudio Observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, se procesaron 477 fichas clínicas de pacientes de la cátedra de Periodoncia de la Universidad Autónoma de Asunción desde el año 2011 al 2019. El tipo de muestreo utilizado fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. De las 477 fichas solo se analizaron 317 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Fueron el 56.46 % de sexo femenino y 43,53 % de sexo masculino, la mediana de edad fue de 33 (23-48) años. El 53% los pacientes presentaban periodontitis crónica y comorbilidades como diabetes e hipertensión arterial. Solo el 11,9 % fueron fumadores. En cuanto a los pacientes diabéticos la mayoría eran de sexo femenino y de edad avanzada, presentando como diagnóstico más frecuente la periodontitis crónica. El diagnóstico clínico más frecuente de la población estudiada fue la periodontitis crónica, seguido por la gingivitis.
Periodontal diseases are considered among the most common among oral pathologies. Its frequency is increasingly higher in the population and there are several systemic pathologies and habits that worsen its clinical condition. The objective of this work was to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of patients with periodontal diseases who attend the periodontics department at the Autonomous University of Asunción in the period from 2011 to 2019. Observational, descriptive, retrospective study, 477 clinical records were processed. of patients from the Department of Periodontics at the Autonomous University of Asunción from 2011 to 2019. The type of sampling used was non-probabilistic for convenience. Of the 477 records, only 317 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. They were 56.46% female and 43.53% male, the median age was 33 (23-48) years. 53% of the patients had chronic periodontitis and comorbidities such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Only 11.9% were smokers. Regarding diabetic patients, the majority were female and elderly, with chronic periodontitis as the most frequent diagnosis. The most frequent clinical diagnosis of the studied population was chronic periodontitis, followed by gingivitis.
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Introducción: Los trastornos temporomandibulares en adolescentes pueden ser ocasionados por hábitos parafuncionales, que probablemente dan lugar a diferentes manifestaciones en los componentes del sistema estomatognático. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los adolescentes con trastornos temporomandibulares y hábitos parafuncionales según variables epidemiológicas y clínicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 74 adolescentes (15-18 años de edad) del Instituto Preuniversitario Antonio Alomá Serrano, perteneciente al área de salud del Policlínico Docente José Martí en Santiago de Cuba, desde noviembre del 2021 hasta marzo del 2022. Resultados: Se halló que 88,1 % de los integrantes de la serie presentaron alteraciones leves, 11,9 %, moderadas y 20,3 % no tuvo ninguna. De los 59 pacientes con trastornos temporomandibulares, 74,6 % eran del sexo femenino, con prevalencia de las alteraciones leves (76,9 %). El hábito referido con más frecuencia fue la onicofagia (50,8 %), seguida de la queilofagia (47,5 %). De los adolescentes que presentaban bruxismo, 71,4 % mostró una disfunción moderada; sin embargo, en aquellos con disfunción leve predominó la práctica de la onicofagia (53,8 %). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los adolescentes con más de un hábito parafuncional presentaron trastornos temporomandibulares.
Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders in adolescents can be caused by parafunctional habits that probably lead to different manifestations in the stomatognathic system՚s components. Objective: To characterize the adolescents with temporomandibular disorders and parafunctional habits according to epidemiologic and clinical variables. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 74 adolescents (15-18 years) from Antonio Alomá Serrano Senior High School, belonging to the health area of José Martí University Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from November, 2021 to March, 2022. Results: It was found that 88.1% of the members in the series presented light alterations, 11.9% presented moderate changes and 20.3% didn't have any changes. Of the 59 patients with temporomandibular disorders, 74.6% were women, with prevalence of the light alterations (76.9%). The habit referred with more frequency was nail biting (50.8%), followed by cheilophagia (47.5%). Of the adolescents that presented bruxism, 71.4% showed a moderate dysfunction; however, in those with light dysfunction the practice of nail biting prevailed (53.8%). Conclusions: Most of the adolescents with more than one parafunctional habit presented temporomandibular disorders.
Subject(s)
AdolescentABSTRACT
Introducción: Los hábitos bucales parafuncionales son la causa primaria o secundaria de maloclusiones o anomalías dentomaxilofaciales, cuya gravedad varía en dependencia de la edad. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de los hábitos bucales parafuncionales en adolescentes de 12 a 13 años de edad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio, observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 450 adolescentes de 12 a 13 años, que presentaban una dentición permanente completa acorde con su edad, pertenecientes a la Secundaria Básica Manuel Ascunce Domenech de la provincia de Guantánamo, quienes fueron atendidos en la Clínica Estomatológica del Policlínico Docente 4 de Abril de esa ciudad, desde diciembre de 2022 hasta enero de 2023. Las variables seleccionadas fueron el sexo, la edad, así como la presencia y el tipo de hábito parafuncional. Se utilizó la prueba de la Χ2 con un nivel de significación α=0,05. Resultados: La prevalencia de hábitos bucales parafuncionales fue de 38,0 %; de estos, los más frecuentes fueron la queilofagia (33,9 %) y la respiración bucal (25,2 %), con predominio en las féminas (50,3 %) y en el grupo de 12 años de edad (62,6 %). Conclusiones: Se encontró baja prevalencia de hábitos bucales parafuncionales en adolescentes de 12-13 años de edad y la queilofagia fue el más significativo.
Introduction: Parafunctional oral habits are the primary or secondary cause of malocclusions or dentomaxillofacial anomalies which severity varies depending on age. Objective: To determine the prevalence of parafunctional oral habits in 12-13 years adolescents. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 450 adolescents that presented a permanent complete teething according to their age, belonging to Manuel Ascunce Domenech Secondary School of Guantánamo province, who were assisted in the Stomatologic Clinic of 4 de Abril Teaching Polyclinic in that city from December, 2022 to January, 2023. The selected variables were sex, age, as well as the presence and type of parafunctional habit. The chi-square test was used with a significance level α=0.05. Results: The prevalence of parafunctional oral habits was 38.0%; of these, the most frequent were queilophagia (33.9%) and mouth breathing (25.2%), mainly in women (50.3%) and the 12 years group (62.6%). Conclusions: A low prevalence of parafunctional oral habits was found in 12-13 years adolescents and queilophagia was the most significant.
Subject(s)
AdolescentABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between smoking and cardiopulmonary function, and the effect of smoking habit on exercise tolerance after discharge from the hospital, focusing on CPX test data of patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction, and on CPX test data at 6 months after discharge. A total of 123 male patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction between April 2014 and December 2020 were included. Laboratory and CPX data were compared between smokers and non-smokers. CPX data of smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers were also compared in 24 patients who underwent CPX examination 6 months after discharge. HDL-C was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and τON was significantly prolonged (p < 0.05) during hospitalization in smokers. τON was significantly shorter only in ex-smokers (p < 0.05) 6 months after discharge compared to during hospitalization. These results suggest that τON, which reflects the oxygen uptake kinetics of peripheral tissues, is shortened by smoking cessation.
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A partir del caso de una paciente con síndrome de intestino irritable a predominio de estreñimiento cuyos síntomas mejoraron con el consumo regular de kiwi, el médico de familia se planteó la pregunta de si el kiwi podría mejorar los síntomas asociados a constipación crónica en comparación con el tratamiento habitual. Tras realizar una búsqueda de estudios que analizaran los efectos del consumo de kiwi sobre el hábito intestinal, fueron seleccionados tres artículos que permiten concluir que el consumo de esta fruta tiene una eficacia superior al placebo y comparable al psyllium y las pasas de ciruela para mejorar los síntomas de personas con estreñimiento crónico. (AU)
Based on the case of a patient with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome whose symptoms improved with regular consumption of kiwi, the family doctor wondered if kiwi could improve symptoms associated with chronic constipation compared to usual treatment. After conducting a search for studies that analyzed the effects of kiwi consumption on intestinal habit, three articles were selected that allow us to conclude that the consumption of this fruit has an efficacy superior to placebo and comparable to psyllium and plum raisins to improve the symptoms of people with chronic constipation. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Constipation/diet therapy , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diet therapy , Fruit , Psyllium/therapeutic use , Abdominal Pain/diet therapy , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Constipation/diagnosis , Actinidia , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis , Feces , Systematic Reviews as TopicABSTRACT
La lectura en la universidad es un tema de creciente preocupación en contextos hispanohablantes. Por ello se planteó como objetivo indagar qué se ha dicho sobre la alfabetización académica y qué diagnósticos se han hecho sobre este tema. Se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa dentro del paradigma cualitativo de investigación con técnica de análisis de contenido. Se hizo un rastreo de documentos publicados entre los años 2000 y 2020 en bases de datos de acceso abierto. Se encontraron 25 documentos sobre 21 estudios empíricos con diversidad de técnicas y población objetivo, donde se muestran las prácticas de lectura referidas por estudiantes y vistas en el aula, el abordaje de los docentes e instituciones y, evaluaciones diagnósticas de las habilidades de lectura. En cuanto a los estudios empíricos, se han realizado diferentes caracterizaciones donde se identifica que las prácticas de lectura de los estudiantes en el aula y por fuera de ella, no favorecen el desarrollo de un nivel lector experto. Además, las evaluaciones de comprensión de textos se alinean con la propuesta teórica de niveles ascendentes de lectura que sigue siendo muy usada. Como parte de las reflexiones teóricas, se encontró que desde el constructo de alfabetización académica se concibe la lectura como una habilidad que continúa desarrollándose y depende de la situación en la que se aplique
Reading in higher education is an issue of growing concern in Spanish-speaking contexts. Therefore, the aim was to find out what has been said about academic literacy and what diagnoses have been made on this subject. A narrative review was carried out within the qualitative research paradigm using the content analysis technique. A crawl of documents published between 2000 and 2020 in open access databases was carried out. Twenty-five documents were found on 21 empirical studies with a diversity of techniques and target population, showing the reading practices referred to by students and seen in the classroom, the approach of teachers and institutions, and diagnostic assessments of reading skills. As for empirical studies, different characterizations have been made where it is identified that students' reading practices in the classroom and outside it, do not favor the development of an expert reading level. In addition, text comprehension evaluations are aligned with the theoretical proposal of ascending reading levels, which is still widely used. As part of the theoretical reflections, it was found that from the academic literacy construct, reading is conceived as a skill that continues to develop and depends on the situation in which it is applied.
Subject(s)
HumansABSTRACT
ObjectiveThe relevant laws among the growth habits， habitat， medicinal site and sex， taste and efficacy of rattan derived traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） were explored to strengthen the demonstration of the quality theory and to provide theoretical basis for the clinical use and resource development of rattan. MethodThe characteristics， effects， parts， families and growth habits of some TCM from rattan were analyzed. By referring to Chinese Flora， Chinese Materia Medica， Chinese Materia Medica Dictionary and other literature， a total of 48 kinds of Rattan from Chinese medicines included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia were screened out， and their property and meridian tropism， medicinal parts， habitat and classification of TCM were statistically analyzed. Excel 2013 and SPSS Statistics 26.0 were employed for statistical research. ResultThe results of the analysis of rattan derived Chinese medicine showed that in the families and genera， Tetrandaceae > Dioscorea > Leguminoa > Cucurbitaceae > Woodtonaceae， etc. In the nature， cold > warm > flat > cool > hot； Bitter > sweet > octane > acid. In the liver meridian， liver > lung > heart > spleen > stomach = bladder = kidney > large intestine. In medicinal parts， root and rhizome > vine stem > fruit seed > flower > vascular bundle = whole grass. In terms of habitat distribution， Guangdong > Guangxi > Yunnan > Fujian > Zhejiang， et al. In the classification of TCM， dispelling wind and dampness > clearing heat > improving water and dampness > promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. ConclusionRattan from TCM are mainly cold in nature， bitter in flavors， and entered liver meridian， and the root and stem of Rattan are mainly used in medicine， mostly distributed in the southeast coast of China. The main effects are to channel and activate collaterals， dispel wind and dehumidification， promote blood circulation and relieve pain， clear heat and detoxify. The morphology habit， growth environment and medicinal parts of Rattan from Chinese medicine were correlated with the property and efficacy. There was a certain correlation between the growth habits， habitat and medicinal site of rattan derived Chinese medicine and its sexual and taste effect， which provided reference for the development and utilization of rattan derived Chinese medicine resources.
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A mobilidade integrada poderia ser prejudicada pelo hábito de usar o automóvel? Essa é uma questão central para a mobilidade que precisa ser discutida. Nessa perspectiva, objetivou-se, por meio da revisão da literatura, identificar as estratégias que favoreçam a implementação da mobilidade sustentável, a fim de apontar uma agenda de pesquisa baseada na literatura. Assim, iniciou-se com a conceituação acerca da Mobilidade como um Serviço (MaaS). Aborda-se a viabilidade da mobilidade alternativa, considerando-se o hábito de usar o automóvel, visto que a literatura aponta essa variável como uma barreira para a promoção da Mobilidade complementar. Segue-se com a discussão sobre os comportamentos habituais de se usar o automóvel e como eles podem ser modificados. Como um resultado, sugerem-se várias estratégias para a promoção da quebra do hábito de usar automóvel de modo que se favoreça a mobilidade complementar. Por último, a partir das diretrizes indicadas para promoção da Mobilidade como Serviço, sugere-se uma agenda de pesquisa futura para dar suporte à área de conhecimento.
Could integrated mobility be hindered by the habit of using the car? This is a central issue for mobility that needs to be discussed. In this perspective, it was aimed, through a literature review, to identify strategies that favor the implementation of sustainable mobility policies, in order to point out a research agenda. The literature review is started with the conceptualization of Mobility as a Service (MaaS). The viability of alternative mobility is addressed, considering the habit of using the car, since the literature points to this variable as a barrier to the promotion of complementary mobility. This is followed by a discussion of car-use behavior and how it can be modified. As a result, several strategies are suggested for the promotion of breaking the habit of car use and in order to favor complementary mobility. Finally, based on the guidelines indicated for the promotion of Mobility as a Service, a future research agenda is suggested to support the knowledge field.
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Introducción: Porphyromonas gingivalis es un microorganismo presente en las periodontitis, productor de la enzima peptidil arginina desminasa, inductora de la citrulinación de proteínas que convierte en antígenos, y que son reconocidos por los anticuerpos antipéptido cíclico citrulinados, marcadores específicos de la artritis reumatoide. Estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos relacionan el hábito de fumar con la periodontitis y la artritis reumatoide. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre el hábito de fumar, la periodontitis crónica y la artritis reumatoide. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, de corte transversal, de casos y controles de pacientes con diagnóstico de artritis reumatoide tratados en el Centro de Reumatología y pacientes atendidos por medicina interna en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico 10 de octubre de La Habana, en el periodo entre septiembre del 2017 y mayo del 2019. Se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, hábito de fumar y estado periodontal evaluado a través del índice de enfermedad periodontal de Russell y el nivel de inserción clínica. Para identificar la asociación entre variables se empleó la prueba de ji al cuadrado y el odds ratio. Se respetaron las legislaciones éticas. Resultados: En el estudio prevaleció el grupo de 35 a 44 años y el sexo femenino. El hábito de fumar predominó en los pacientes artríticos, con manifiesto incremento de la prevalencia y gravedad de la enfermedad periodontal. Conclusiones: El hábito de fumar incrementó el riesgo de periodontitis crónica en ambos grupos, y con menos intensidad de riesgo en la artritis reumatoide.
Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis is a microorganism present in periodontitis, producer of the enzyme peptidyl arginine deminase that induces citrullination of proteins, turning them into antigens, which are recognized by anti-citrullinated cyclic peptide antibodies, specific markers of rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and epidemiological studies link smoking with periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Objective: To evaluate the association between smoking, the presence of chronic periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study of cases and controls of patients with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis treated at the Rheumatology Center and patients treated by Internal Medicine in 10 de Octubre Surgical- Clinic Hospital in Havana, between September 2017 and May 2019. The variables were: age, sex, smoking habit and periodontal status evaluated through the Russell Periodontal Disease Index and Level of Clinical Insertion. For the association and relationship between variables, the chi square and the odds ratio were used. Ethical legislation was respected. Results: In the study the group of 35 to 44 years old and the female sex prevailed. Smoking prevailed in arthritic patients with a remarkable increase in the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. Conclusions: Smoking increased the risk of chronic periodontitis in both groups with less intensity of risk in rheumatoid arthritis.
Subject(s)
Female , Adult , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Smoking/adverse effects , Porphyromonas gingivalis/pathogenicity , Chronic Periodontitis/complicationsABSTRACT
SUMMARY: During 2020 and 2021 the anatomy subject was developed by online classes. In 2022, face-to-face teaching activities were resumed. The objective was to compare the autonomous study habits of two student generations that coursed the Human Anatomy subject in online and face-to-face mode. Two groups of students were asked to fill-out an online questionnaire. Online Generation (OL) (n=185) and Face-to-face Generation (FF) (n=154). The difference between both groups was the learning activities. OL received only online classes, and FF received theoretical classes and laboratory activities in face-to-face sessions. The most of OL subjects had greater clarity about the contents (71.9 %) and the depth (50.8 %) that they should study them, in contrast with FF (58.4 %, p = 0.0124 and 24.7 %, p < 0.0001 respectively). In OL, 47 % spent more than 4 hours weekly studying human anatomy, whereas in FF 68.2 % (p<0.0001). In both groups, the most important resource was the Video Recorded Classes (90.8 % in OL, and 83.1 % in FF). For OL, the three priority resources were exclusively electronic: 1) Video Recorded Classes, 2) Apps on smartphone or tablets, and 3) Apps on laptop or computer. FF generation prioritized: 1) Video Recorded Classes, 2) Anatomy Atlas, and 3) Class Slides. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the students that received only online classes were able to plain their study time in a better way than whose were in face-to-face classes. However, they spent less time to study the topics. In addition, it was possible to determine that students prefer digital resources (video classes recorded and apps in smartphone or computer) over traditional resources such as textbook and anatomy atlas. It proposes to consider these results in the Human Anatomy subjects design, in virtual or face-to-face mode.
Durante 2020 y 2021, la asignatura de anatomía fue desarrollada exclusivamente en modalidad online. En 2022 se retomaron las clases presenciales. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los hábitos de estudio autónomo de dos generaciones de estudiantes de anatomía. Dos grupos de estudiantes completaron un cuestionario online: Generación Online (OL) (n=185) y Generación Presencial (FF) (n=154). La principal diferencia entre ellos fue que OL recibió clases exclusivamente en modalidad online y FF exclusivamente presencial. La mayoría de los sujetos de OL tuvieron mayor claridad acerca de los contenidos (71,9 %) y la profundidad con que debían estudiarlos (50,8 %) en contraste con FF (58,4 %, p = 0,0124 and 24,7 %, p < 0,0001, respectivamente). En OL, el 47 % empleó más de 4 horas semanales de estudio, mientras en FF fue el 68,2 % (p<0.0001). En ambos grupos, el recurso más importante empleado fue la clase grabada (90,8 % en OL y 83,1 % en FF). Para OL la prioridad en el uso de los recursos de estudio fueron 1) Videoclase grabada, 2) Aplicación en teléfono o tablet y 3) Aplicación en computador. Para FF el orden de prioridad fue 1) Videoclase grabada, 2) Atlas de Anatomía y 3) Diapositivas de clases. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, los estudiantes que recibieron exclusivamente clases online planearon su tiempo de estudio de mejor manera que quienes tuvieron clases presenciales y emplearon menos tiempo de estudio. Además, fue posible determinar que los estudiantes prefieren recursos de información digital (Videoclase Grabada y aplicaciones para teléfono celular o computador) por sobre los recursos tradicionales tales como texto y atlas de anatomía. Se propone considerar estos resultados en el diseño de los programas de asignatura de Anatomía Humana, a impartir en modalidad online o presencial.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Students, Medical , Education, Distance , COVID-19 , Habits , Anatomy/education , Quarantine , Surveys and Questionnaires , PandemicsABSTRACT
Human health mostly depends on quality food habits. In the rural area of Bangladesh, the people are in ill health due to the consumption of impure food which affects normal daily life. The study investigates rural, educated people thinking about purchasing quality foods and package food labelling. A field study was conducted at Hatibandha and Kaliganj Upazila of the Lalmonirhat district of Bangladesh with a structured questionnaire. The study shows that the people of rural areas are highly aware of their attitudes about food quality. Those with a comparatively high educational background are more conscious of maintaining food quality.The Study results also find that the rural people have very little knowledge and understanding of government rules and regulations regarding food quality and labelling.
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Introducción: El cáncer de pulmón es una enfermedad crónica y constituye un problema de salud pública en el mundo. Objetivo: Determinar factores relacionados con la mortalidad del cáncer de pulmón. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, en 7 pacientes con cáncer de pulmón en el policlínico "Ramón López Peña" del municipio de Caimanera, provincia Guantánamo en el período comprendido entre los años 2017 y 2019. Resultados: En el estudio realizado el sexo femenino fue predominante con 5 pacientes fumadoras que representó el 42,8 %, comprendido en el grupo de edad entre los 60-69 años con el 71,4 %. De los pacientes estudiados con antecedentes patológicos personales de enfermedad respiratoria crónica, se obtuvo mayor frecuencia los que tenían la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica que representó el 85,7 %. El cáncer de pulmón como la causa básica de muerte. En el año 2018 aumentó la mortalidad en tres casos, y en el año 2019 descendió a dos casos. Conclusiones: Se determinó los factores relacionados con el descenso de la mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón a partir del aumento de otros cánceres.
Introduction: Lung cancer is a chronic disease and it constitutes a public health problem worldwide. Objective: To determine factors related to lung cancer mortality. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 7 patients with lung cancer at Ramón López Peña polyclinic in Caimanera municipality, Guantánamo province from 2017 to 2019. Results: In the study, the female sex predominanted with 5 smoking patients who represented 42.8%, included in the age group between 60-69 years (71.4%). Out of the patients studied with personal pathological history of chronic respiratory disease, those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were more frequent, representing 85.7%. Lung cancer was the basic cause of death. In 2018, mortality increased in three cases, and in 2019 it decreased to two cases. Conclusions: It was determined the factors related to the decrease in lung cancer mortality from the increase in other cancers.
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Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial, cada año mueren más personas por esta enfermedad que por otra causa. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes: Subcentro de salud General Vernaza cantón Salitre. Materiales y métodos: Fue de enfoque cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo, no experimental y transversal, la población (N=200) pacientes, la muestra de 120 pacientes de 40 a 65 años de edad con problemas cardiovasculares, el instrumento fue una encuesta validada por juicio de expertos en salud. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular más predominantes fueron el estrés (34,2%) y el sedentarismo (16,7%); consumen cigarrillo (48,3%); consumen alcohol (45,8%), se alimentan 3 veces al día los alimentos cotidianos (71,7%); no cuidan sus porciones alimenticias (39,2%); el nivel de colesterol más frecuente entre 100 y 129 mg/dL (38,3%), no evitan alimentos fritos empanizados y cremosos(55,8%); no realizan ejercicio físico (36,7%); el estado nutricional normal abarcó un (68,3%), se sirven sus alimentos cotidianos en casa (72,5%); consumen muy frecuente carnes y pescados (80%), huevos y lácteos (70,8%), frutas y verduras (50,8%), grasas (65,8%), alcohol y café (65%), horas sentados viendo TV, móvil o portátil (54,2%) de 4 a 8 horas; condición regular para realizar actividad física (38,3%), tiempo máximo de realizar ejercicio 10 a 30 minutos (40,8%), en un solo día a la semana (65%). Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en pacientes fueron el estrés y sedentarismo, convirtiéndose en un problema de salud pública afectando el presupuesto familiar, hospitalario y del estado(AU)
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide More people die each year from this disease than from any other cause. Objective:Determine the risk factors cardiovascular disease in patients: General Vernaza Health Subcenter Salitre canton. Materials and methods:Focus was quantitative, observational, descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional, the population (N=200) patients, the sample of 120 patients from 40 to 65 years of age with cardiovascular problems, the instrument was a survey validated by the judgment of health experts. Results:The cardiovascular risk factors more predominant were stress (34.2%) and sedentary lifestyle (16.7%); smoke cigarettes (48.3%); consume alcohol (45.8%), they eat daily food 3 times a day (71.7%); they don't watch their portions food (39.2%); the most frequent cholesterol level between 100 and 129 mg/dL (38.3%), they do not avoid food breaded and creamy fried foods (55.8%); do not perform physical exercise (36.7%); normal nutritional status encompassed one (68.3%), they serve their daily meals at home (72.5%); eat meatand fish very often (80%), eggs and dairy products (70.8%), fruits and vegetables (50.8%), fats (65.8%), alcohol and coffee (65%), hours sitting watching TV, mobile or laptop (54.2%) from 4 to 8 hours; regular condition for physical activity (38.3%), maximum time to exercise 10 to 30 minutes (40.8%), on a single day a week (65%). Conclusions:The cardiovascular risk factors in patients were stress and sedentary lifestyle, becoming in a public health problem affecting higher family, hospital and state out-of-pocket costs(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Stress, Physiological , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Sedentary Behavior , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Tobacco Use Disorder , Diabetes Mellitus , Feeding Behavior , Life Style , ObesityABSTRACT
Tic disorders are one of the common neurodevelopmental disorders in children, which are mainly managed by pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment.Psychological interventions belong to the non-pharmacological treatment, which, however, have not yet been fully recognized and understood in China.The analyses on clinical effectiveness and availability to pediatric patients are limited.This study aims to interpret the clinical guidelines of psychological interventions for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders by European Society for the Study of Tourette syndrome in the journal of European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in 2021, aiming to provide reference for the psychological interventions of tic disorders in China.
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Objective:To investigate the influencing factors for the development of gall-stone in population of Beijing.Methods:The retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted. From November 2016 to September 2020, patients living in Beijing (registered residence in Beijing ≥12 months) who visited the biliary outpatient of Department of General Surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences for the first time were recruited to participate as respondents. The survey was conducted by the questionnaire survey on correlation between dietary habits and incidence of gallstones, in which the information of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), gallstone status, metabolic indicators (hypercholesterolemia, history of diabetes mellitus, reproductive times for female, menopause status of female, duration of menopause for female, history of weight loss), dietary indicators (dietary mix of meat and vegetable dishes, times of coffee intake per month, times of alcohol consumption per month, times of greasy diet intake per month, times of breakfast skipping per week, average overnight fasting time of breakfast skipping, times of supper skipping per week, average overnight fasting time of supper skipping), family history of gallstones, lifestyle indicators (times of staying up late per month, average overnight fasting time when staying up late, daily sedentary time, weekly physical activity score). Observation indicators: (1) results of questionnaire survey; (2) analysis of influencing factors for the occurrence of gallstone. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3). Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Logistic regression model. Results:(1) Results of questionnaire survey. A total of 1 036 questionnaires were distributed, and 1 004 complete questionnaires were recovered. Of the 1 004 patients who completed the questionnaire survey, there were 329 males and 675 females, aged (44±12)years. The BMI of 1 004 patients was (24±3)kg/m 2. Of the 1 004 patients, there were 659 cases with a history of cholecystolithiasis and 345 cases without. (2) Analysis of influencing factors for the occurrence of gallstone. Results of univariate analysis showed that age, history of diabetes mellitus, history of weight loss, times of coffee intake per month, times of greasy diet intake per month, family history of gallstone and daily sedentary time were related factors for the development of gallstone in 1 004 patients ( odds ratio=1.03, 2.26, 1.74, 1.01, 1.01, 2.22, 1.06, 95% confidence intervals as 1.02?1.05, 1.09?5.18, 1.22?2.53, 1.00?1.03, 1.00?1.01, 1.60?3.11, 1.01?1.11, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that age, history of diabetes mellitus, history of weight loss, times of greasy diet intake per month, family history of gallstone and daily sedentary time were independent influencing factors for the development of gallstone in 1 004 patients ( odds ratio=1.03, 2.26, 1.82, 1.01, 2.22, 1.06, 95% confidence intervals as 1.02?1.05, 1.11?5.13, 1.28?2.62, 1.00?1.02,1.60?3.09, 1.01?1.12, P<0.05). Conclusion:Age, history of diabetes mellitus, history of weight loss, times of greasy diet intake per month, family history of gallstone and daily sedentary time are independent influencing factors for the development of gallstone in population of Beijing.
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Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a associação entre uso de cigarros eletrônicos e iniciação ao tabagismo, por meio de uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise de estudos longitudinais. Busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS e PsycInfo. As etapas de seleção de referências, extração dos dados e avaliação do risco de viés dos estudos foi realizada em dupla, de forma independente e as divergências discutidas com um terceiro pesquisador para obtenção de consenso. Meta-análise foi realizada por meio do modelo Mantel-Haenszel de efeitos aleatórios. Dentre os 25 estudos incluídos, 22 avaliaram o desfecho de experimentação de cigarro convencional e nove avaliaram o desfecho de tabagismo atual (nos últimos 30 dias). A meta-análise demonstrou que o uso de cigarro eletrônico aumentou em quase três vezes e meia o risco de experimentação de cigarro convencional (RR=3,42; IC95% 2,81-4,15) e em mais de quatro vezes o risco de tabagismo atual (RR=4,32; IC95% 3,13-5,94). O risco de iniciação ao tabagismo é significativamente maior entre usuários de cigarro eletrônico. A liberação da comercialização desses dispositivos pode representar uma ameaça para as políticas de saúde pública no Brasil.
Abstract This article aims to evaluate the association between the use of electronic cigarettes and initiation to smoking, through a systematic review with meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. A bibliographic search was performed on the MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS and PsycInfo databases. Reference selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment of the studies were independently carried out in pairs, and the disagreements were discussed with a third researcher to reach a consensus. Meta-analysis was performed using the Mantel-Haenszel random effects model. Among the 25 studies included, 22 evaluated the outcome of conventional cigarette experimentation and nine assessed the outcome of current smoking (in the last 30 days). The meta-analysis showed that the use of electronic cigarettes increased the risk of conventional cigarette experimentation by almost three and a half times (RR=3.42; 95%CI 2.81-4.15), and by more than four times the risk of current smoking (RR=4.32; 95%CI 3.13-5.94). The risk of smoking initiation is significantly higher among electronic cigarette users. The marketing authorization of such devices may represent a threat to public health policies in Brazil.
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Humans , Smoking Cessation , Tobacco Products , Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking PreventionABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica constituye un problema de salud en Cuba y el mundo; su pronóstico está en relación con varios factores. Objetivo: Caracterizar a una serie de pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, según edad, sexo, fenotipo, hábito de fumar y enfermedades comórbidas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó a los 296 pacientes que ingresaron en el Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay" con el diagnóstico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, en el período de dos años. Se determinaron las enfermedades comórbidas, el fenotipo dado por la forma clínica de presentación de los pacientes (A, B, C y D); la edad, sexo, hábito de fumar, tiempo y cantidad que fuma. Se utilizó el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson, para valorar la comorbilidad asociada en la enfermedad. Resultados: El 54 % de los pacientes fueron masculinos, el 96,9 % mayor de 50 años, el 36,1 % del fenotipo C y el 76,6 % fumadores. La hipertensión arterial fue más frecuente en los fenotipos B, C y D, en más del 70 %, la diabetes mellitus en el 73,7 % del fenotipo B y la cardiopatía isquémica en el 61,7 % del fenotipo D. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes estudiados fueron masculinos, mayores de 50 años, fumadores por más de 10 años y del fenotipo C. Las enfermedades comórbidas más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus y la cardiopatía isquémica.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease constitutes a health problem in Cuba and the world, its prognosis is related to several factors. Objective: To characterize a series of hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, according to age, sex, phenotype, smoking habit and comorbid diseases. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out that included the 296 patients who were admitted to the Internal Medicine Service of the Central Military Hospital Dr. Carlos J. Finlay with the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the period of two years. Comorbid diseases were determined, the phenotype given by the clinical presentation of the patients (A, B, C and D); age, sex, smoking habit, time and amount of smoking. The Charlson comorbidity index was used to assess the associated comorbidity in COPD. Results: 54% of the patients were male, 96,9% older than 50 years, 36,1% phenotype C, and 76,6% smokers. Hypertension was more frequent in phenotypes B, C and D, in more than 70%, diabetes mellitus in 73,7% of phenotype B, and ischemic heart disease in 61,7% of phenotype D. Conclusions: Most of the patients studied were male, older than 50 years, smokers for more than 10 years and phenotype C. The most frequent comorbid diseases were arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease.
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Humans , Myocardial Ischemia , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Diabetes Mellitus , Hospitals, Military , Internal Medicine , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Background:Hemiplegic Cerebral palsy (CP) impairs hand function leading to inability or difficulty to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). Beside traditional therapies several new techniques like mCIMT & HABIT are in practice which focuses on precise and appropriate targeted results. There is a need to include a treatment protocol which is effective, easy and can be done under parents’ guidance in home setting. Purpose of this study was to find and compare the effect of mCIMT & HABIT on the quality of upper extremity function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.Objectives:To study the effects of mCIMT, HABIT and conventional therapy on quality of upper extremity function in hemiplegic cerebral palsy children and to compare the effects of mCIMT, HABIT & conventional therapy on quality of upper extremity function in hemiplegic cerebral palsy children. Material & Methods:The study included 20 children who were diagnosed cases of hemiplegic CP. The experimental groups were given mCIMT and HABIT with conventional therapy and the control group received only conventional therapy.Quality of upper extremity skills test (QUEST) was used as an outcome measure. All groups were evaluated with the QUEST before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results: The results showed statistical difference in the final QUEST scores(p=0.001) between all the groups as well as difference in dissociated movement, grasp & weight bearing. There was however no difference in protective extension (p=0.704) domain. Also, there was statistically no significant improvement in weight bearing and protective extension within the group while dissociated movement, grasp and QUEST Score showed improvement. Conclusion:This study concluded that mCIMT is more effective than HABIT & CT alone in improving quality of upper extremity function in hemiplegic cerebral palsy children.
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Aim: To evaluate and compare the body mass index (BMI) of school-going children with bruxism and without bruxism of age between 6 and 12 years. Settings and Design: To find the correlation between BMI and oral habit bruxism among school children and compare with those children without bruxism. Materials and Methods: A total of 6122 children were screened from 28 government and 12 private schools, in which 1854 (30.28%) had various types of oral habits. Among this 280 children had the stressful habit bruxism. The BMI of those children was calculated by measuring the height and weight. The values were compared with the BMI of same number of students of same age group, who does not have any oral habits, with the WHO standard. The values were calculated and tabulated for the statistical analysis, using the SPSS software version 19 (IBM company) with the P < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Its shows that children with bruxism has high BMI range, was in the order of overweight > Normal > Underweight, but the BMI of children without any habit was in the order of normal > Underweight > Overweight. On comparison, it was statistically significant. Conclusion: The habit bruxism had a positive correlation with the BMI of children. The children are more stressed from both indoor and outdoor. Hence, kindly educate all the parents, teachers, and public to identify the cause for the habit, because each oral habit is strongly deep rooted with some emotional and/or psychological problem and to make the children stress free in future.
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Resumo Este estudo analisa os comportamentos relacionados ao estilo de vida de adolescentes em Recife, Brasil. Estudo transversal com dados do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA). 2.400 estudantes de 12 a 17 anos foram entrevistados. Foram analisadas as prevalências de atividade física, comportamento alimentar, tabagismo e consumo de álcool. O teste Qui-quadrado e Intervalo de confiança 95% (IC95%) foram usados para avaliar a significância estatística das medidas. Observou-se 60% dos adolescentes com comportamentos alimentares inadequados quanto ao consumo de café da manhã, água/dia e refeições em frente à TV. Cerca de 40% (IC95%: 39,7-45) não realizavam refeições com os pais ou responsáveis. A prevalência de inatividade física foi de 52,4% (IC95%: 50-55). Adolescentes do sexo feminino foram mais inativas (68,7%; IC95%: 65-72) em relação aos meninos (36,4%; IC95%: 33-40). Adolescentes das classes econômicas D e E foram os mais inativos (60,7%; IC95%: 46-73). O consumo de bebida alcoólica foi de 18,7% (IC95%: 2,6-5,6) e o tabagismo foi de 3,8% (IC95%: 2-6) dos indivíduos. Comportamentos alimentares inadequados e a inatividade física foram os principais domínios responsáveis por um estilo de vida não saudável, seguidos pelo consumo de álcool e tabagismo.
Abstract This study analyzes the behavior patterns related to the lifestyle of adolescents in Recife, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the Cardiovascular Risk Study among Adolescents (ERICA) and 2400 students aged 12 to 17 were interviewed. The prevalence of physical activity, eating behavior, smoking and alcohol consumption were analyzed. The Chi-square test and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used to evaluate the statistical significance of the measurements. It was observed that 60% of the adolescents presented inadequate eating behaviors regarding the consumption of breakfast, daily water intake and meals eaten in front of the TV. About 40% (95%CI: 39.7-45) did not sit down to meals with their parents or guardians. The prevalence of physical inactivity was 52.4% (95%CI: 50-55). Female adolescents were more inactive (68.7%, 95%CI: 65-72) than males (36.4%, 95%CI: 33-40). Teenagers of economic classes D and E were the most inactive (60.7%, 95%CI: 46-73). Alcohol consumption was 18.7% (95%CI: 2.6-5.6) and smoking was prevalent in 3.8% (95%CI: 2-6) of the individuals. Inadequate eating behaviors and physical inactivity were the main areas responsible for an unhealthy lifestyle, followed by alcohol consumption and smoking.